The Countries of Europe
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http://www.purposegames.com/game/285 <---Thanks to Zaccaria Massagrande
madrid_climate.pdf | |
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europe_homework_booklet.pdf | |
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Unit Information
Throughout this unit we will look at some of the European Countries from a physical, human and environmental geography perspective. In each of the countries studied, we will look at a different theme. This is clearly marked in the exercise books with a cover page.
France - Farming
Germany - Industry
Spain - Tourism
United Kingdom - Population
Italy - Volcanoes
For each of the themes there are particular terms. These are outlined below.
France - Farming
There are three main types of farming in France. Arable, Pastoral and Mixed Farming. These are decided as a result of different physical and human factors.
Arable Farming is the ploughing of land and the growing of crops. This normally requires flat, fertile land and a reliable source of water.
Pastoral Farming is leaving land under grass for grazing animals such as Cows and Sheep. The climate does not nee to be as favourable, so it can be cold and wet. Additionally, the relief of the land does not matter as much either. Sheep farming tends to be restricted to mountainous areas where crops cannot be grown.
Mixed Farming is when crops are grown and livestocked raised. This type of farming is much more flexible than just pastoral or arable farm in the sense that it does not require solely flat land etc.
Physical Factors that affect farming are: relief, climate and soils.
Human Factors that affect farming are: farm size, technology, machinery, distance from market, and transport.
How has farming changed?
As farming has developed over the years more forests and wetlands have had to be cleared and drained respectively. The development of technology has lead to many changes in farming.
Germany - Industry
Primary Industries employ people to collect or produce natural resources from the land or sea. For example farmers, fishermen and miners.
Secondary Industries employ people to manufacture products. They buy the materials from Primary industries and sell their products to Tertiary industries.
Tertiary Industries provide a service for people. No products are manufactured in this industry, only sold. Examples would be teachers, nurses and shop assistants.
What Factors are used to decide where is best for industry?
High Technology industries make products such as microchips, computers and mobile phones. They tend to be located on greenfield sites which are areas of land that have never been built upon.
Spain - Tourism
Accessibility - some countries have more direct transport links than others. Where there are direct flights and train links from one place to another, more people are likely to visit.
Price - if hotels are good value for money and the transport costs are reasonable then the destination will be more popular.
Climate - can decide if a place is a winter holiday destination or summer holiday destination. A large amount of snow may mean that the area is popular with skiers. Whereas hot dry summers may attract people to the coasts to the beach.
Geography - Mountains, coasts, lakes, cities and countrysides all have different appeals and different leisure activities.
Entertainment - tourist attractions like famous museums, theatres or landmarks will attract tourists to particular places. For example the Sagrada Familia in Barcelona attracts many tourists every year.
How to construct a climate graph.
Left hand y-axis shows the temperature in °C. We use a red line graph to show this.
Right hand y-axis shows the rainfall in mm. We use a blue bar graph to show this.
The x-axis is therefore the Time in months.
United Kingdon - Population
Students have notes in their exercise books on how to construct a Population Pyriamid.
Italy - Volcanoes
Advantagages of living near a volcano.
France - Farming
Germany - Industry
Spain - Tourism
United Kingdom - Population
Italy - Volcanoes
For each of the themes there are particular terms. These are outlined below.
France - Farming
There are three main types of farming in France. Arable, Pastoral and Mixed Farming. These are decided as a result of different physical and human factors.
Arable Farming is the ploughing of land and the growing of crops. This normally requires flat, fertile land and a reliable source of water.
Pastoral Farming is leaving land under grass for grazing animals such as Cows and Sheep. The climate does not nee to be as favourable, so it can be cold and wet. Additionally, the relief of the land does not matter as much either. Sheep farming tends to be restricted to mountainous areas where crops cannot be grown.
Mixed Farming is when crops are grown and livestocked raised. This type of farming is much more flexible than just pastoral or arable farm in the sense that it does not require solely flat land etc.
Physical Factors that affect farming are: relief, climate and soils.
Human Factors that affect farming are: farm size, technology, machinery, distance from market, and transport.
How has farming changed?
As farming has developed over the years more forests and wetlands have had to be cleared and drained respectively. The development of technology has lead to many changes in farming.
- More machinery has meant less workers are required.
- Increased size of the machinery has increased the size of fields. So rather than having 5 small fields, farmers now have 1 or 2 very large fields.
- Hedgerows have been removed to increase the size of fields. This however, decreases the amount of habitat for wildlife and increases soil erosion.
Germany - Industry
Primary Industries employ people to collect or produce natural resources from the land or sea. For example farmers, fishermen and miners.
Secondary Industries employ people to manufacture products. They buy the materials from Primary industries and sell their products to Tertiary industries.
Tertiary Industries provide a service for people. No products are manufactured in this industry, only sold. Examples would be teachers, nurses and shop assistants.
What Factors are used to decide where is best for industry?
- Amount of Raw materials - some industries need raw materials to manufacture products therefore, locating near to raw materials decreases transportation costs.
- Power (energy) - when factories were first built being near to a river was essential to generate power.
- Labour Force - all industries need workers so having a settlement nearby is essential for industry.
- Market - a large market means that there are more people to sell your product too.
- Transport - good transport links (road, rail and air) increase the speed at which your products can get to the market, and also makes it easier for employees and clients.
- Site - flat sites are best as they are easy to build on.
High Technology industries make products such as microchips, computers and mobile phones. They tend to be located on greenfield sites which are areas of land that have never been built upon.
Spain - Tourism
Accessibility - some countries have more direct transport links than others. Where there are direct flights and train links from one place to another, more people are likely to visit.
Price - if hotels are good value for money and the transport costs are reasonable then the destination will be more popular.
Climate - can decide if a place is a winter holiday destination or summer holiday destination. A large amount of snow may mean that the area is popular with skiers. Whereas hot dry summers may attract people to the coasts to the beach.
Geography - Mountains, coasts, lakes, cities and countrysides all have different appeals and different leisure activities.
Entertainment - tourist attractions like famous museums, theatres or landmarks will attract tourists to particular places. For example the Sagrada Familia in Barcelona attracts many tourists every year.
How to construct a climate graph.
Left hand y-axis shows the temperature in °C. We use a red line graph to show this.
Right hand y-axis shows the rainfall in mm. We use a blue bar graph to show this.
The x-axis is therefore the Time in months.
United Kingdon - Population
Students have notes in their exercise books on how to construct a Population Pyriamid.
Italy - Volcanoes
Advantagages of living near a volcano.
- Fertile soil
- Geothermal Power
- Increase in tourism
- Increase in tourism means more jobs
- Minerals can be mined